Ngo-Okthoba 15, iCochrane Collaboration (Cochrane Collaboration, ezobizwa ngeCochrane), okuyinhlangano egunyaza umhlaba wonke yezokwelapha ezisekelwe ebufakazini, yakhombisa ekubukeni kwayo kwakamuva kocwaningo ukuthi ama-50 majors aqhutshwa kubantu abangaphezu kwabangu-10 000 ababhemayo emhlabeni jikelele. kufakazele ukuthi ama-e-cigarette anomthelela wokuyeka ukubhema, kanye nomphumela wokwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwe-nicotine nezinye izindlela.
UCochrane uveza ukuthi umphumela wokusebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes ukuyeka ukubhema ungcono kunokusebenzisa i-nicotine therapy esikhundleni kanye ne-e-cigarettes engafaki i-nicotine.
UProfesa Peter Hajek, umbhali ngokubambisana weCochrane review nomqondisi weTobacco Dependence Research Group eQueen Mary University yaseLondon, uthe: “Lokhu kubhekwa okusha kwama-e-cigarettes kukhombisa ukuthi kubantu abaningi ababhemayo, i-e-cigarette iyithuluzi elisebenzayo ukuyeka ukubhema. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi, Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, akukho nolulodwa kulezi zifundo olutholile ubufakazi bokuthi ukusetshenziswa kogwayi bakagesi kulimaza abantu. ”
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-nicotine e-cigarettes inezinga eliphakeme lokuyeka ukubhema.
Isungulwe ngonyaka we-1993, iCochrane yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo eqanjwe ngenkumbulo ka-Archiebald L. Cochrane, umsunguli wemithi esekela ubufakazi. Futhi iyinhlangano yezemfundo yezokwelapha egunyazwe kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kuze kube manje, inezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezingaphezu kuka-37,000 emazweni angaphezu kuka-170. Eyodwa.
Lo muthi obizwa ngobufakazi obususelwa ebufakazini, okusho ukuthi, umuthi osuselwe ebufakazini obungaguquguquki, uhlukile emithini yendabuko esuselwa emithini yokwakha. Izinqumo ezibalulekile zezokwelapha kufanele zincike ebufakazini obuhle bocwaningo lwesayensi. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha olususelwa ebufakazini luzoqhuba ngisho nezilingo ezinkulu ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe zomtholampilo, ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile, ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta, bese kuhlukaniswa izinga lobufakazi obutholwe ngokwamazinga, okunzima kakhulu.
Kulolu cwaningo, uCochrane uthole izifundo ezingama-50 ezivela emazweni ayi-13 kubandakanya i-United States ne-United Kingdom, okubandakanya ababhemayo abadala abangu-12,430. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine therapy (njengamachashazi e-nicotine, i-nicotine gum) noma amamaki e-e-cigarette angafaki i-nicotine, abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes ukuyeka ukubhema okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha.
AbakwaReuters babike imiphumela yocwaningo olunzulu lukaCochrane: "Ukubuyekezwa okutholakele: okufakwe ohlwini lwezinsini noma izigaxa, i-e-cigarette kuphumelela kakhulu ekuyekeni ukubhema."
Ngokucacile kwimininingwane, ebalwa ngokuphelele, abantu abangu-10 kwabayi-100 abayeka ukubhema basebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes bangakwazi ukuyeka ukubhema ngempumelelo; kubo bonke abantu abayi-100 abayeka ukusebenzisa i-nicotine therapy noma i-e-cigarettes engafaki i-nicotine, abantu abayi-6 kuphela abangaphumelela ukuyeka ukuyeka ukubhema, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ama-nicotine e-cigarettes anesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuyeka.
Lo mbhalo, ongomunye wababhali bokubuka konke, uSolwazi Caitlin Notley waseNyuvesi yase-East Anglia eNorwich School of Medicine e-UK, uthe: “Elinye lamasu asebenza kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukusiza abantu bayeke ukubhema ukuqeda ukubhema izifiso ezihlobene. Ama-e-cigarettes nezinsini ze-nicotine kanye nezitika I-ejenti yehlukile. Ilingisa okwenzeka ekubhemeni futhi inganikeza ababhemayo i-nicotine, kepha ayivezi abasebenzisi kanye nabanye ngentuthu kagwayi wendabuko.
Ukuvumelana kwesayensi ngama-e-cigarettes ukuthi yize ama-e-cigarettes engeyona ingozi ngokuphelele, ayingozi kangako kunogwayi. "ICochrane Tobacco Addiction Team" ithe "ubufakazi obukhona bukhombisa ukuthi i-e-cigarettes nezinye izinto ezithatha indawo ye-nicotine zandisa amathuba okuphumelela ukubhema." UJamie Hartmann-Boyce uthe. Ungomunye wabalobi abakhulu bocwaningo lwakamuva.
Ucwaningo oluningi luqinisekisa: Abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.3 e-UK bayeka ngempumelelo ukubhema ngama-e-cigarettes
Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kweCochrane, izinhlangano eziningi ezifundisayo zezokwelapha emhlabeni ziguqulwe zaba isihloko esifanele "sokuyeka ukubhema ugwayi kangcono" emazingeni ehlukene.
Abaphenyi abavela eNyuvesi yaseNew York e-United States bathole ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi abangakaze basebenzise i-e-cigarettes, ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kuka-e-cigarettes kungasiza ababhemayo esikhathini esifushane (
Ngonyaka owedlule, ucwaningo oluzimele olwenziwe yi-University College London (University College London) lwakhomba ukuthi ama-e-cigarettes asiza abasebenzisa ugwayi abayi-50 000 kuya ku-70,000 e-UK ukuyeka ukubhema minyaka yonke. Umbiko wakamuva ovela eMnyangweni Wezempilo Yomphakathi wase-United Kingdom ukhombisa nokuthi okungenani abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.3 bayeke ugwayi ngokuphelele ngenxa ye-e-cigarettes.
Imiphumela yocwaningo eshicilelwe yi-University College London kumagazini owaziwa emhlabeni wonke wezifundo i-Addiction iveze ukuthi i-e-cigarettes isize okungenani ababhemayo baseBrithani abangama-50 000 ukuyeka ukubhema ngempumelelo ngonyaka.
Mayelana nokukhathazeka komphakathi ngobungozi be-e-cigarettes, uJohn Britton, uSolwazi Emeritus we-Respiratory Medicine e-University of Nottingham, e-UK, uthe: “Umthelela wesikhathi eside ekuphepheni kwe-e-cigarettes udinga ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi eside, kodwa bonke ubufakazi manje bukhombisa ukuthi noma imiphi imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ye-e-cigarettis incane kakhulu kunogwayi. ”
Ngaphambi nangemva kweminyaka emibili yokulandela umkhondo, abukho ubufakazi obutholakele bokuthi osikilidi abasebenza ngogesi badale umonakalo emzimbeni womuntu.
Isikhathi Iposi: Jan-14-2021