Ngomhla ziyi-15 kuMfumfu, i-Cochrane Collaboration (Cochrane Collaboration, kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi i-Cochrane), inhlangano yezemfundo egunyazwe emhlabeni jikelele yezokwelapha ezisekelwe ebufakazini, yaveza ekuhlaziyeni kwayo kwakamuva kocwaningo ukuthi ama-majors angama-50 enziwa kubantu abadala ababhemayo abangaphezu kuka-10,000 emhlabeni jikelele Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa. kwafakazela ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi unomphumela wokuyeka ukubhema, kanye nomphumela wokwelapha okubuyisela i-nicotine okuqhubekayo nezinye izindlela.
U-Cochrane uveza ukuthi umphumela wokusebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes ukuyeka ukubhema ungcono kunokusebenzisa i-nicotine replacement therapy kanye ne-e-cigarettes engayifaki i-nicotine.
USolwazi uPeter Hajek, umbhali kanye naye we-Cochrane review kanye nomqondisi we-Tobacco Dependence Research Group e-Queen Mary University yaseLondon, uthe: "Lokhu kubuka okusha kwe-e-cigarette kubonisa ukuthi kubantu abaningi ababhemayo, i-e-cigarettes iyithuluzi eliphumelelayo ukuyeka ukubhema.Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi, Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, alukho kulezi zifundo olwathola ubufakazi bokuthi ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi kubangele ukulimala kubantu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-nicotine e-cigarettes inezinga eliphezulu lokuyeka ukubhema.
Yasungulwa ngo-1993, i-Cochrane yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo ebizwa ngenkumbulo ka-Archiebald L. Cochrane, umsunguli wezokwelapha ezisekelwe ebufakazini.Futhi iyinhlangano yezemfundo yezokwelapha ezimele enegunya kunawo wonke emhlabeni.Kuze kube manje, inamavolontiya angaphezu kuka-37,000 emazweni angaphezu kuka-170.Eyodwa.
Umuthi okuthiwa usekelwe ebufakazini, okungukuthi, imithi esekelwe ebufakazini obungaguquki, uhlukile emithini yendabuko esekelwe emithini ye-empirical.Izinqumo ezibalulekile zezokwelapha kufanele zisekelwe ebufakazini obuhle kakhulu bocwaningo lwesayensi.Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwemithi olusekelwe ebufakazini luzokwenza ngisho nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe okunesampula enkulu, ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile, ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta, bese behlukanisa izinga lobufakazi obutholakala ngokwezindinganiso, okuyinto eqinile kakhulu.
Kulolu cwaningo, uCochrane uthole izifundo ezingu-50 ezivela emazweni angu-13 okuhlanganisa i-United States ne-United Kingdom, ezibandakanya abantu abadala ababhemayo abangu-12,430.Kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine replacement therapy (njengama-nicotine patches, i-nicotine gum) noma amamaki e-e-cigarette angafaki i-nicotine, abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes ukuze bayeke ukubhema okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha.
I-Reuters yabika imiphumela yocwaningo olubanzi lukaCochrane: “Ukubuyekezwa kwatholakala: ohlwini lwenhlaka noma isiqephu, i-e-cigarette iphumelela kakhulu ekuyekeni ukubhema.”
Ngokucacile kudatha, ebalwa ngokwemibandela ephelele, i-10 kubo bonke abantu abayi-100 abayeka ukubhema besebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes bangase bayeke ukubhema ngokuphumelelayo;kubo bonke abantu abayi-100 abayeka ukusebenzisa i-nicotine replacement therapy noma i-e-cigarettes engafaki i-nicotine, abantu abangu-6 kuphela abangayeka ngempumelelo Ukuyeka ugwayi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-nicotine e-cigarettes inenani eliphakeme lokuyeka.
Lesi sihloko, omunye wababhali bocwaningo, uProfesa Caitlin Notley we-University of East Anglia's Norwich School of Medicine e-UK, wathi: “Elinye lamasu aphumelela kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ukusiza abantu bayeke ukubhema ukuqeda ukubhema— izifiso ezihlobene.Ugwayi we-elekthronikhi nezinsini ze-nicotine nezitikha I-ejenti yehlukile.Ilingisa ukuzizwisa kokubhema futhi inganikeza ababhemayo i-nicotine, kodwa ayivezi abasebenzisi nabanye entuthuni kagwayi wendabuko.
Ukuvumelana kwesayensi ngogwayi we-elekthronikhi ukuthi nakuba i-e-cigarettes ingenayo ingozi ngokuphelele, ayinabungozi kakhulu kunogwayi.“Iqembu Lemilutha Kagwayi LaseCochrane” lathi “ubufakazi obukhona bubonisa ukuthi i-e-cigarette nezinye izinto ezithatha indawo ye-nicotine zandisa amathuba okuyeka ukubhema ngokuphumelelayo.”Kusho uJamie Hartmann-Boyce.Ungomunye wababhali abakhulu bocwaningo lwakamuva.
Ucwaningo oluningi luyaqinisekisa: Abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.3 e-UK bayeke ngempumelelo ukubhema nge-e-cigarettes
Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kwe-Cochrane, izinhlangano eziningi zezemfundo zezokwelapha ezigunyaziwe emhlabeni ziye zaguqulwa zaba isihloko esifanele "sokuyeka ukubhema i-e-cigarette kangcono" emazingeni ahlukene.
Abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseNew York e-United States bathole ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi abangakaze bawusebenzise ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kukagwayi we-e kungasiza ababhemayo esikhathini esifushane (
Ekuqaleni konyaka odlule, ucwaningo oluzimele lwe-University College London (University College London) lwabonisa ukuthi i-e-cigarettes isiza abasebenzisi bakagwayi abangu-50,000 kuya ku-70,000 e-UK ukuba bayeke ukubhema njalo ngonyaka.Umbiko wakamuva ovela eMnyangweni Wezempilo Yomphakathi wase-United Kingdom ubonisa nokuthi okungenani abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.3 baye bawuyeka ngokuphelele ugwayi ngenxa ye-e-cigarettes.
Imiphumela yocwaningo eyanyatheliswa yi-University College London ephephabhukwini lezemfundo elidumile emhlabeni wonke elithi Addiction yaveza ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi usize okungenani ababhemayo baseBrithani abangu-50,000 ukuba bayeke ukubhema ngempumelelo ngonyaka.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhathazeka komphakathi ngezingozi zikagwayi we-elekthronikhi, uJohn Britton, uProfesa Emeritus we-Respiratory Medicine e-University of Nottingham, e-UK, wathi: “Umthelela wesikhathi eside ekuphepheni kwe-e-cigarette udinga ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi eside, kodwa bonke ubufakazi manje bubonisa ukuthi noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside kagwayi we-e-cigarette mincane kakhulu kunogwayi.”
Ngaphambi nangemva kweminyaka emibili yokulandela umkhondo, abukho ubufakazi obutholakele bokuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi udale ukulimala emzimbeni womuntu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-14-2021