Njengamanje, njengoba umphakathi uphishekela ukuphila okunempilo, amazwe emhlabeni wonke aya ngokuya ebekela imingcele ugwayi wendabuko.Phakathi kwamalungu angu-194 e-WHO, amalungu angu-181 asemukele i-Framework Convention onUkulawula Ugwayi, ehlanganisa amaphesenti angu-90 abantu bomhlaba.Amazwe kancane kancane azenzela ezawo izinhlelo zokunciphisa intuthu noma ngisho nezinhlelo zokungabhemi.
Kodwa eqinisweni elingenakuphikwa, njengamanje kunababhemi bendabuko abangaba yizigidi eziyinkulungwane emhlabeni.Uma zingekho ezinye izindlela noma izithasiselo kweminye imikhiqizo ukuze kuhlinzekwe abathengi bakagwayi bendabuko ukukhetha okwengeziwe namathuba, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukufeza ukuncipha kwamazinga okubhema noma izinhlelo zokungabhemi ezenziwe ngamazwe ahlukahlukene.Ukuvela kwemikhiqizo kagwayi we-elekthronikhi kugcwalise lesi sikhala ngomqondo othile.
Okwamanje, globali-e-cigaretteimikhiqizo ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: engabhemi futhi engabhemi ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwayo.Phakathi kwazo, kunemikhiqizo yentuthu ngokwezimiso zayo zokusebenza, ezingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: ugwayi we-electronic atomization kanye nogwayi we-electronic heat-not-burn (HNB).Ugwayi we-athomu we-electronic ukhiqiza igesi ngoketshezi lwe-athomu ukuze abantu babheme;Osikilidi be-elektroniki be-HNB bakhiqiza igesi ngokushisisa ugwayi, oseduze nentuthu yangempela.Mayelana nalokhu, ugwayi we-athomu we-elekthronikhi uhluke kakhulu kugwayi wendabuko.Osikilidi be-elektroniki be-HNB bahluka kuphela endleleni abakhiqiza ngayo intuthu.
Ngakho-ke, ngalo mqondo, ugwayi we-electronic atomizing ungummeleli ojwayelekile wemikhiqizo kagwayi we-elekthronikhi.Kulo mbiko, ngaphandle uma kucaciswe ngenye indlela, imikhiqizo kagwayi we-elekthronikhi iwugwayi we-athomu we-electronic.
“Ukunciphisa ukulimala” inani lemakethe likagwayi we-electronic
Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-2003,i-e-cigaretteimikhiqizo isidlule iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yokuthuthuka.Ifomu lomkhiqizo seliphelele kakhulu, futhi imisebenzi nolwazi luye lwathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.Ikakhulukazi, izici "zokunciphisa ukulimala" zei-e-cigaretteskancane kancane bathole ukuqashelwa kwemakethe kanye nesikhungo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nogwayi wendabuko, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi awushi, awunatiyela, futhi awuqukethe izinto zamakhemikhali ezingaphezu kuka-460 ezingadala izifo zokuphefumula nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi lapho ugwayi ojwayelekile ushiswa, ngaleyo ndlela uqeda i-carcinogens kugwayi ojwayelekile..
Ucwaningo lwe-CDC e-United States lukholelwa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-nitrosamine metabolite eqondene nogwayi NNAL emchameni wabasebenzisi be-nebulised/vapor e-cigarette (ENDS) kuphansi kakhulu, okungu-2.2% wabasebenzisi bakagwayi kanye no-0.6% kagwayi ongenantuthu. abasebenzisi.Ama-nitrosamine aqondene nogwayi yiwona abangela umdlavuza kugwayi.Inhlangano yezempilo yaseBrithani iphinde yathi uma kuqhathaniswa nogwayi wendabuko, inganciphisa izingozi zezempilo okungenani ngama-95%.Kungashiwo ukuthi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezidingo zezempilo zabathengi bakagwayi bendabuko kanye nezindawo ezibuhlungu zokuyeka ukubhema sekuxazululwe ngezinga elikhulu.
U-Pan Helin, umqondisi omkhulu we-Institute of Digital Economy of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, uthe isici “sokunciphisa ingozi” sikagwayi we-elekthronikhi siyinani lawo eliyinhloko, futhi imakethe inesidingo esinjalo, ngakho ukuthuthukiswa kwawo kushesha kakhulu. .Futhi u-Yao Jianming, uprofesa eSikoleni Sebhizinisi sase-Renmin University of China, uthe imikhiqizo ye-e-cigarette inomqondo omusha kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuyikho ngokusebenza, okubalulekile futhi emphakathini.
Ugwayi we-elekthronikhi ungase wehlise izindleko zezindleko zokwelashwa
Izifo kanye nemithwalo yezomnotho ebangelwa ukubhema bekulokhu kugxilwe ekunakekelweni komphakathi.Ngokombiko wango-2018 we-Action for Smoking and Health e-United Kingdom, izindleko zonyaka zase-UK ngenxa yokubhema zifinyelele kumakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12.6, okuhlanganisa neBritish National Health Service (NHS) ngezindleko zezokwelapha nempilo ezingaba amaphawundi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5.
E-United States, ngokusho kwesihloko esithi "Annual Healthcare Spending Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: An Update" eyanyatheliswa ngo-2014 yi-American Journal of Preventive Medicine, ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko zezokwelapha kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2010 kwathola ukuthi i-8.7% yezindleko zezokwelapha zonyaka i-United States ingabangelwa ukubhema, kuze kufike ku-170 billion wamaRandi aseMelika ngonyaka;ngaphezu kuka-60% wezindleko ezibaluliwe zikhokhelwa izinhlelo zomphakathi.
E-China, umbiko we-National Health Development Research Centre ye-National Health Commission wabonisa ukuthi umthwalo wezomnotho wezifo ezihlobene nogwayi ezweni lami ngo-2018 wawuyi-3.8 trillion yuan, okulingana no-4.12% we-GDP yalowo nyaka;lapho, u-83.35% wawungumthwalo wezomnotho ongaqondile, okungukuthi, ukulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza kwezenhlalakahle, okuhlanganisa ukukhubazeka nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izifo ezihlobene nogwayi zidla cishe u-15% wezinsiza zokwelapha zezwe lami.Uma sithathwa njengesifo, singabekwa endaweni yesibili.
Ngakho-ke, ngokunciphisa inani labathengi bakagwayi bendabuko ngokusebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, izindleko zezindleko zezokwelapha kanye nezinye izindleko zezenhlalakahle zizoncishiswa ngokufanele.I-British Health Organization ithole ukuthi i-e-cigarettes ingakhuphula izinga lokuphumelela lokuyeka ukubhema cishe ngama-50%.Yingakho i-UK inesimo sengqondo esihle uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo kagwayi we-elekthronikhi kune-US.I-United Kingdom ne-United States bangabathengi abakhulu bakagwayi we-electronic atomized emhlabeni.I-United Kingdom isekela ugwayi we-elekthronikhi njengomkhiqizo wabantu ababhemayo ukuze bayeke ukubhema noma banciphise ukulimala kukagwayi wendabuko.
“Industrial chain + brand” enamasondo amabili ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani lemboni
Ngokombono wemikhuba yentuthuko yomhlaba wonke, izinga lemakethe ye-e-cigarette iyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi isabelo sayo siyaqhubeka nokukhula.Izinkampani ezine ezinkulu zikagwayi emhlabeni, iPhilip Morris International, iBritish American Tobacco, iJapan Tobacco, ne-Imperial Tobacco zithatha imakethe ngokuthenga nokusungula izinhlobo zayo;okwamanje, imikhiqizo yayo ye-e-cigarette (kuhlanganise nogwayi kagesi, i-HNB e-cigarettes) ihlanganisa ingxenye yemali engenayo Ifinyelelwe ku-18.7%, 4.36%, 3.17%, 3.56% ngokulandelanayo, okubonisa ukukhula.
Nakuba imboni ye-e-cigarette yaseShayina iqale sekwephuzile, inezinzuzo ochungechungeni lwezimboni.Izinkampani zikagwayi we-elekthronikhi zaseShayina zisesimweni sokuhola ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezingaphezulu zochungechunge lwezimboni.Njengamanje, benze uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele kusukela kubahlinzeki bempahla eluhlaza ukuya phezulu kuya kubaklami nabakhiqizi be-e-cigarette, kanye nezinkampani ezithengisayo ezingezansi.Lokhu kulungele ukuphindwaphindwa ngokushesha kwemikhiqizo yizinkampani zikagwayi we-elekthronikhi zaseShayina kanye nokugcwaliseka kwendlela yokukhiqiza ehlanganisa i-R&D, ukuklama nokukhiqiza.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi i-e-cigarettes ngokusobala iqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo, futhi izinkampani zaseShayina zivame ukunaka kakhulu ulwazi lwabathengi, lokhu kuzofika ngezinga elithile kuguqulwe kube izinzuzo zemikhiqizo ye-e-cigarette yaseShayina, engakwazi ngokushesha. baqonde ukusetshenziswa emazingeni ahlukene ezomnotho nasezindaweni zamasiko phesheya kwezilwandle.Izidingo.U-Yao Jianming ukholelwa ukuthi ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwempahla kufanele kuqala kuhambisane nemikhuba yokuphila yasendaweni, isiko, amasiko, njll., ukuze kuvulwe imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Kulezo zinkampani zaseShayina zikagwayi ze-elekthronikhi eziye zashintsha zisuka ezinkampanini ze-inthanethi, zingaqhutshwa ulwazi lomsebenzisi, zikwazi kahle ukuhlanganiswa kochungechunge lwezimboni, futhi imikhiqizo yazo ingafinyelela ukuphindaphinda okusheshayo, okusobala ukuthi kuhambisana nokwandiswa kwazo kwemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.Njengamanje, i-RELX, umholi kulo mkhakha e-China, inemali engenayo yaphesheya kwezilwandle ibalwa ku-25% wemali engenayo futhi isakhula.
Ngakho-ke, ngokungafani nemikhiqizo yama-smartphone efana ne-Xiaomi ne-Huawei, engakha izinzuzo zomkhiqizo ovuthiwe ngokusebenzisa imakethe eqinile yasekhaya yabathengi kanye nezixuku ngaphambi kokuya phesheya kwezilwandle, ama-e-cigarettes ase-China awanazo izimo ezinjalo ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubomgomo.Uma kulo mongo, uma ukulawula kufanelekile, futhi uhlobo lwe-e-cigarette lwesiShayina lusengakwazi ukwakha ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo okuqinile phesheya kwezilwandle, kuzoba ireferensi enhle kwezinye izinhlobo zamaShayina ukuthi ziye phesheya.
Ngale ndlela, ukuthembela “kuchungechunge lwezimboni + zomkhiqizo” wokushayela ngamasondo amabili kuzokwazi ukufeza ukukhushulwa kwenani likagwayi we-e-China ochungechungeni lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke.
Ukusekelwa okufanele kwemikhiqizo ye-e-cigarette ukuthuthukisa inani labo lohwebo lwangaphandle
Ngokusekelwe esimweni sochungechunge olukhethekile lwezimboni zaseChina, imakethe yamanje kagwayi we-elekthronikhi yenze iphethini ethi “Made in China, Consumption in Europe and America”.Ngo-2018, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi owenziwe e-China wawungaphezu kuka-90% yenani eliphelele lomhlaba wonke, kanti ama-80% awo athengiswa ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika.Ngokwemininingwane kaLeyi, ngonyaka ka-2019, amazwe nezifunda ezingama-218 emhlabeni wonke zathenga ugwayi we-elekthronikhi eChina, kanti inani lokuthekelisa laseChina lalingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-76.585.
Yize kuthinteke lolu bhubhane ngo-2020, ukuthengiswa okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nokunikezela ngezinto ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika kuzothinteka.Kodwa-ke, ngokwedatha yemakethe, ngokwesibonelo, uhlobo lukagwayi we-electronic atomizing we-Anglo International luzuze imali engamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingama-265 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2020, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka ngama-40.8%.Idatha yokuqapha kuka-Nielsen kusukela mhla zi-3 kuMbasa kuya kumhla zi-2 kuNhlaba ikhombise ukuthi ukudayiswa sekukonke kwemikhiqizo ye-e-cigarette evamile kwehle ngo-12.8%, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokukhula konyaka libe ngu-16.3%.Ngakho-ke, umthelela walolu bhubhane emakethe kagwayi we-elekthronikhi ulinganiselwe, futhi inkambiso evamile yokuthumela ngaphandle ngeke ibe noshintsho olubalulekile.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinqubomgomo zokulawula ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika ziya ngokuya zicaca kancane kancane, futhi isidingo sokunciphisa ukulimala kanye nokuyeka ukubhema sisekhona, okuhambisana nokungashintshiwe kochungechunge lwemboni ye-e-cigarette yaseChina ngesikhathi esifushane, ngakho-ke okwamanje. isakhiwo semakethe sizoqhubeka nokugcinwa.
Kodwa kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi inani elengeziwe lokwenziwa kwe-OEM liphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi inani eliphakeme elingeziwe lochungechunge lwezimboni lisemaphethelweni edizayini ye-R&D nokuthengiswa komkhiqizo.U-Liu Yuanju, umcwaningi e-Shanghai Institute of Finance and Law, ugcizelele ukuthi kungenzeka ukwakha indlela yokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ezimele ngemva kwama-OEM amakhulu, ukuze kwandiswe inani lawo elingeziwe.Ngaphezu komkhiqizo, u-Pan Helin ukholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obubalulekile bubaluleke ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwalokho umgwaqo oya kwamanye amazwe ngeke uhlale isikhathi eside uma uthembele kuphela emizileni yamanani noma ukukhula okukhulu.Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bakagwayi baseShayina basadinga ukuthuthukisa izinga labo le-R&D noma inzuzo yomkhiqizo, futhi bathuthuke babe uchungechunge lwenani eliphezulu lochungechunge lwezimboni.
Ngaphezu kwamandla enkampani uqobo, uma izinqubomgomo zikwazi ukweseka kahle imikhiqizo yasekhaya futhi zandise izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, kuzothuthukisa kakhulu isimo sohwebo lwangaphandle kanye nenani likagwayi we-electronic wezwe lami.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-30-2020